Margot Adler’s Drawing Down the Moon is one of the most influential books on modern Paganism, providing an in-depth look at the diverse spiritual movements that fall under the Pagan umbrella. Originally published in 1979 and updated several times since, this book is a historical, sociological, and personal exploration of modern witchcraft, Wicca, Druidry, and other Earth-centered spiritual traditions.
Unlike most books on Wicca or witchcraft that focus on spells and rituals, Drawing Down the Moon takes a journalistic and academic approach, documenting the people, beliefs, and communities that shaped modern Paganism in the 20th century. It remains an essential read for anyone wanting to understand the cultural and historical roots of contemporary Paganism.
Overview of the Book
Margot Adler, a journalist and NPR correspondent, immerses herself in the Pagan community, conducting extensive interviews with Wiccans, Druids, Heathens, feminist spiritualists, and other practitioners of Earth-based religions. The book is part history, part anthropology, and part personal reflection, divided into several key sections:
1. Introduction to Modern Paganism
Adler begins by exploring the revival of Pagan religions in the 20th century, explaining why people turn to these traditions. She writes:
“The search for Pagan spirituality is often a rejection of mainstream religious structures and an embrace of a more personal, nature-based connection to the divine.”
She also challenges common misconceptions about Paganism, particularly the Satanic Panic and media distortions that often misrepresent Wicca and witchcraft.
2. The Roots and Evolution of Wicca and Witchcraft
This section provides a detailed history of Wicca, tracing its development from:
- Gerald Gardner’s introduction of Wicca in the 1950s
- The influence of Doreen Valiente, Raymond Buckland, and other early figures
- The divergence between British Traditional Wicca (Gardnerian, Alexandrian) and eclectic American Wicca
Adler explores how Wicca evolved from a secretive, initiatory practice into a diverse, open movement, stating:
“Wicca is a living religion, constantly adapting and reshaping itself to fit the needs of those who practice it.”
3. Paganism Beyond Wicca: Druids, Heathens, and Goddess Worshippers
Adler doesn’t focus solely on Wicca—she also examines:
- Druidry, particularly the Order of Bards, Ovates, and Druids (OBOD) and ADF
- Ásatrú and Norse Heathenry, one of the fastest-growing Pagan movements
- Feminist Goddess Worship, which emerged from the women’s movement of the 1970s
- Eco-Paganism and radical environmental spirituality
She notes how each of these paths differs from Wicca, yet shares common themes of earth reverence, personal empowerment, and decentralized religious authority.
4. The Role of Magic and Ritual in Pagan Practice
While this is not a how-to book, Adler discusses the role of magic in modern Paganism, writing:
“Magic is not just about causing change; it is about seeing the world in a different way, recognizing the sacred in the mundane.”
She explores the psychological effects of ritual and how different traditions approach magic, from formal ceremonial magic to spontaneous nature-based rituals.
5. Paganism and Society: Challenges and Perceptions
Adler critically examines how modern Paganism interacts with mainstream society, addressing:
- Religious discrimination and legal battles for Pagan recognition
- The media’s often inaccurate portrayal of witches and occultists
- The challenge of maintaining community in decentralized spiritual movements
She writes, “Many Pagans struggle with visibility—how to be open about their faith without risking social or professional repercussions.”
6. The Future of Paganism
The book concludes by discussing where Paganism is headed, particularly in an age of increasing secularism, climate change awareness, and the rise of digital spirituality. Adler remains optimistic about the future, observing:
“Paganism’s greatest strength is its adaptability—it is not a static belief system but an evolving spiritual practice.”
Strengths of the Book
1. Incredibly Well-Researched and In-Depth
Unlike most books on Paganism, which focus on practices and beliefs, Drawing Down the Moon is a historical and cultural deep dive into how these movements formed and evolved.
A reviewer noted, “This book is the single best resource for understanding the origins of modern Paganism in America.”
2. Balanced and Objective Perspective
Adler, as a journalist, approaches the subject with curiosity rather than bias. She neither romanticizes nor demonizes Paganism, stating:
“Paganism, like any other religious movement, is a tapestry of diverse ideas, personalities, and contradictions.”
This makes the book an excellent starting point for those new to the topic, as it presents information without an agenda.
3. Covers More Than Just Wicca
While many books on modern Paganism focus solely on Wicca, Adler goes beyond that, exploring Druidry, Heathenry, feminist spirituality, and other lesser-known traditions.
This makes the book more inclusive and informative for those who may not identify as Wiccan but are still interested in Pagan paths.
4. A Valuable Historical Document
Since this book was first published in 1979, it serves as a time capsule of Paganism in the late 20th century. Even though some parts have been updated, it still provides a fascinating look at the early days of the modern Pagan movement.
One practitioner commented, “This book gives historical context to the practices we take for granted today.”
Weaknesses of the Book
1. Dense and Academic Writing Style
Because Adler is a journalist and researcher, the book reads more like a sociology text than a casual introduction to Paganism. Some readers may find it overwhelming or slow-paced.
A critical review noted, “I wanted a book on practicing Paganism, but this is more like an ethnographic study.”
2. Some Information is Dated
Although Drawing Down the Moon has been updated multiple times, some parts—especially early discussions on Wiccan covens—feel outdated compared to modern practices.
For example, Wicca has become much more accessible since the book’s first edition, yet Adler still discusses it largely as a secretive, initiatory practice.
3. Lacks Practical Guidance
This is not a book for spellwork, rituals, or step-by-step instructions. It is purely informational, which may disappoint those looking for a hands-on guide to practicing Paganism.
A reviewer pointed out, “This is not a book of spells or rituals—it’s a book about the people and history of modern Paganism.”
Personal Experience and Perspective
When I first read Drawing Down the Moon, I was struck by how well-researched and thorough it was. It gave me a much deeper appreciation for the diversity within modern Paganism—I had previously only been familiar with Wicca, but Adler introduced me to Druidry, Heathenry, and other traditions I hadn’t explored before.
One of the most valuable takeaways for me was her discussion of Paganism’s struggle for legitimacy in mainstream society. Her words, “Paganism is still in the process of defining itself in a world that often misunderstands it,” made me reflect on how modern witches and Pagans navigate visibility and acceptance.
Although this is not a book I return to for daily practice, it remains one of the most valuable historical resources on my shelf.
Conclusion: An Essential Read for Understanding Modern Paganism
Drawing Down the Moon is the definitive historical and cultural exploration of modern Paganism, offering a wealth of insight into the people, movements, and philosophies that shaped contemporary Earth-based spirituality.
Recommended for:
✅ Those interested in the history and sociology of modern Paganism
✅ Readers who want an in-depth, objective look at different Pagan paths
✅ Witches, Wiccans, and Pagans looking to understand their spiritual roots
Not ideal for:
❌ Beginners looking for a how-to guide on spells and rituals
❌ Readers who prefer light, casual books over academic-style writing
❌ Those uninterested in historical or sociological perspectives